Have you ever watched a movie and said, "I can write a better storyline than that!" or "Why aren't there more movies that I like out there anymore?" or even, "My novel would make a great film!"
Are you interested?
For many writers, the idea of
tackling the art and science of screenwriting seems intimidating. In my view, screenwriting is to novel writing what poetry is to short story.....Are you interested?
Truly, screenwriting is an exciting road trip! In addition, the benefits for any novelist/short story writer are many: writing scripts intensifies a writer’s focus; improves a writer’s use of dialogue; helps a writer shift from ‘telling’ a story to ‘showing’ a story; and sharpens a writer’s ability to discern the essential elements of a powerful story. Even if you never sell a script, however, learning the craft will improve your writing immensely.
Basically,
a script is broken into the 3 same basic story parts every story must have:
Beginning, Middle, End. But the fact is,
a script is roughly 90-130 pages and every page equals one minute of a movie.
That means that EVERY scene must MOVE the plot forward and have a clear purpose
for being included; there can be no scenes that exist just for the pure
pleasure of examining life, for instance. In fact, movies that do take off on
rabbit trails, rarely make it into the “keeper” category of films. I think
that’s because the audience “knows” where a story needs to go and when it
drifts, it’s disconcerting or disappointing or frustrating.
Most screenwriters follow some general rules, but as in everything, these are not hard and fast, merely guidelines by which to begin the process. There are exceptions to everything.
* How many
pages long is the average screenplay? 120 pages
* How many
acts are in your average screenplay? Three
* How many
scenes are in your average screenplay? Forty-Sixty
So, if we say our story is 120 pages,
then the Beginning or Part I of the story equals about 30 pages, the Middle or
Part II equals about 60 pages, and Part III or the Resolution equals about 30
pages.
As in any kind of excellent writing, revision and more revision is critical. EVERY word in a script must be consciously and carefully crafted. There is no room to move randomly from scene to scene. This is one of the reasons that even trying one’s hand at script writing can be a great edge on which to hone one’s writing craft in general. Like poetry, the writing must be terse and clear.
One hard and fast rule, however, is this: FORMATTING IS CRITICAL. Anyone looking to write a screenplay MUST adhere to the formatting guidelines, or invest in script-writing software, like Final Draft.
Thinking of trying it? If so, there are a
host of excellent books to help the beginning screenwriter, especially when
examining what makes a film work and work well. Cynthia Whitcomb's course on Screenwriting (she now lives in Portland, Oregon, and is actively involved with writers at every level) is a great place to start. She has written more than 70 screenplays, including:
These are three of Cynthia's movies with which you may be familiar. She has won 2 awards and been nominated for 6 other awards... including the Emmy, the Edgar and the Humanitas Prize.
Cynthia Whitcomb’s The Writer’s Guide to Writing Your Screenplay (also her Selling Your Screenplay) are excellent books for someone starting out. Other great books on Screenwriting include: Stuart Voytilla’s Myth and
the Movies: Discovering the Mythic Structure of 50 Unforgettable Films;
Robert McKee’s Story (often considered one of the bibles of
screenwriting) or any books by Syd Field; and for those looking to convert a novel or story into a
script, Richard Krevolin’s How to Adapt Anything Into a Screenplay.
Of course, there are many great
teachers, eg: Linda Seger and Syd Field; I have studied under both Cynthia
Whitcomb and Richard Krevolin and found their materials “user friendly.” I’ve also taken coursework under David
Freeman and Hal Croasman, both well-known story gurus.
The most
important tip anyone can give, however, is to READ scripts. They are easy to
download and you can also find them at B&N or other bookstores. Again, formatting
is critical; I have started using Final Draft, but there are other software
programs, too. Registering a completed
script is also critical; the steps and information on that can be found at wga
(Writer’s Guild of America).
When
reading scripts, here are some suggestions on how to study them:
* Write down a
list of every single scene – then write a one-sentence summary of what happened
in each.
* Count the
separate story strands or plot lines (major characters, minor
characters/conflicts, etc).
* Look for
structure, including act breaks and scene lengths/structure.
* Look at when
the hero is introduced, the villain, where they first meet, when they have
their face to face confrontation. Look for the inciting incident that kicks the
story into action.
* Look at the
balance between action and dialogue.
* Look at the
formatting, including narrative vs. dialogue.
* Look for
subtext vs. on-the-nose dialogue. Sub-text has often been said to be the
critical difference between a good and great story.
* Look for
what has been included or left out; examine what you think are the “story
questions” and how are the resolved?
* Look at how
the conclusion/resolution occurs: what unexpected twists or payoffs occur? Be
sure and note anything that seems “unresolved.”
As a step
into the film world, a great place to begin is by entering contests. There are
hosts of them now, but a few remain at the top: the Nicholl, Scriptapalooza,
and the Chesterfield are three of the most prestigious. Winners, even
finalists, get a chance at representation or a sale through such contests. I’ve
been fortunate enough to finish as a finalist, a semi-finalist and a quarter-finalist in
several contests, including the Chesterfield…..although, thus far, I have not yet sold a
script :-(
But I hang onto what Cynthia Whitcomb
says: “Write dozens of scripts. That way by the time you’ve sold your first,
you’re well on your way to building a career!”
One
question most of us have is whether a screenwriter must live in Hollywood; many
outstanding writers live outside LA., and if writing for
television or working with production companies is part of your goal, then
living near the “center of the film universe” is necessary. And the schools
that feature film departments include USC and UCLA. But there are other cities
outside Southern California that are becoming noted for film and the number of regions is increasing every year. As the world of independent film companies
grows, the world outside Hollywood for working in film grows as well.
Remember, film is the 6th
largest industry in the state of California and even in this dismal economy, it
is doing relatively well. Isn’t it remarkable that Hollywood suffered little
during the Great Depression! That should tell us how important the industry is to Americans and movie-goers all over the world...
As with everything, selling a screenplay is another step in the process.....
and I hope to accomplish that goal someday soon.....
Until then..... for more about my writing, both nonfiction or historical fiction, check out my website at www.gailjenner.com
